1.
Interpretation THE DURATION OF THE PROPHET
Being
a natural thing when prophets and companions understand the Qur'an globally,
but after that God promised to explain and maintain the Koran.
Husain
DR.M Adh-Dhahabi disagreed with the imam Ibn Kholdun said, "bahwasannya
al-Qur'an down in Arabic, with all methods balaghoh. They (Arabs) are all
schools and understand the meanings of each of the structure of language and
mufrodatnya.
The
companions at that time did not change as the Arab majority, but which
distinguish that they can know the secrets and the meaning of the word of God
contained in the Qur'an directly to the Prophet sallallaahu alaihiwasallam.
2.
Interpretation THE DURATION OF FRIENDS
The
commentary at the time companions cling on four things: first, the Qur'an which
is usually referred to tafsirul quran bil Quran, as God told it with another
quick and stay God explain clearly.
Second,
one of the role of the prophet Muhammad himself is as explanatory (albayyan) on
all the laws of God. Third, ijtihad. Knowing all the secrets of all the Arabic
language and the language, know the customs of the Arabs, knowing the
circumstances of the Arabs, and strong comprehension .
Fourth
scribes (Jews and Christians) who converted to Islam and had nice to
Islamannya, it is because the Qur'an itself in some ways similar to the
genitalia and the gospel, for example, about Qishoshul anbiya with people in
the past, the story of the birth of Prophet Isa Ibn Maryam The miracle of the
following US.
3.
Interpretation DURING tabi'in
Commentary
on the times Tabi'in tidk much different from the time of the Companions RA for
the Tabi'in take the interpretation of them. In this period there appeared some
madrasas to study the science of interpretation, such as:
•
Makkah or Madrasah Madrasah Ibn Abbas
•
Medina or Madrasah Madrasah Ubay ibn Ka'b
•
Iraq or Madrasah Madrasah Ibn Mas'ud
The
peculiarity commentary during Tabi'in start tinged interpretation denngan
emergence Isroiliyaat and nashroniyat. This is caused by the increasing number
of the People of the Book who embraced Islam.
4.
Interpretation THE DURATION OF BOOKKEEPING
Bookkeeping
commentary carried in five steps . The first stage, the interpretation before
the recorded still be done by the method of transmission, meaning friend
narrated on the interpretation of the Koran of the prophet Muhammad. Then they
drop to their students (read: Successors)
The
second stage, at the time of the Umayyad dynasty and the beginning of the
Abbasid dynasty that still incorporate commentary into sub-sections of the
hadiths that have been recorded previously.
The
third stage, separation of the interpretation of the hadith then recorded
separately into a separate science. The fourth stage, bookkeeping sanadnya
interpretation by summarizing and quoting the opinion of the scholars without
mentioning the person. This makes it difficult to distinguish between the
authentic and the sanad is weak which caused the subsequent commentators take
this interpretation without see the truth or falsity of this interpretation.
5.
Interpretation THE DURATION OF MODERN
When
the Tartars attack the Islamic lands and commit brutal acts in the capital of
the Caliphate of Baghdad with burn all the books of the great which is a
collection of science that has been preserved for centuries, the Muslims lost a
very valuable science.
Fanaticism
schools that emerged during this period, making interpretation into the
political vehicle of the various schools that exist, such as those carried out
by the school of Hanafiyah. One of the scholars of these schools is Abu Bakr
Ar-Rozy with the book Al-Jashosh.
Of
schools as-Shafi'ites, appearing Abu Hasan At-Thobary (w.504 H). he interpret
the laws of the Koran which consists of several volumes. Then Syihabuddin Abul
Abbas Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Yusuf Al-Hlaby, (w 756 H) with his book Al-Qoul
Wajiz Fi Ahkamil Al-Kitab Al-Aziz.
At
the end of the 13th century, came criticism about the existence of Islam in the
world, especially when compared to the west which is considered more advanced.
This criticism came to the question of whether the Qur'an is still relevant to
answering the development of life.
To
answer these scholars began to make interpretation more open with the times. At
this time, commentary with various patterns such as patterns of scientific,
literary, and social.
