Growth and Development of Exegesis of the Ages

1. Interpretation THE DURATION OF THE PROPHET

Being a natural thing when prophets and companions understand the Qur'an globally, but after that God promised to explain and maintain the Koran.

Husain DR.M Adh-Dhahabi disagreed with the imam Ibn Kholdun said, "bahwasannya al-Qur'an down in Arabic, with all methods balaghoh. They (Arabs) are all schools and understand the meanings of each of the structure of language and mufrodatnya.

The companions at that time did not change as the Arab majority, but which distinguish that they can know the secrets and the meaning of the word of God contained in the Qur'an directly to the Prophet sallallaahu alaihiwasallam.

2. Interpretation THE DURATION OF FRIENDS

The commentary at the time companions cling on four things: first, the Qur'an which is usually referred to tafsirul quran bil Quran, as God told it with another quick and stay God explain clearly.

Second, one of the role of the prophet Muhammad himself is as explanatory (albayyan) on all the laws of God. Third, ijtihad. Knowing all the secrets of all the Arabic language and the language, know the customs of the Arabs, knowing the circumstances of the Arabs, and strong comprehension .

Fourth scribes (Jews and Christians) who converted to Islam and had nice to Islamannya, it is because the Qur'an itself in some ways similar to the genitalia and the gospel, for example, about Qishoshul anbiya with people in the past, the story of the birth of Prophet Isa Ibn Maryam The miracle of the following US.

3. Interpretation DURING tabi'in

Commentary on the times Tabi'in tidk much different from the time of the Companions RA for the Tabi'in take the interpretation of them. In this period there appeared some madrasas to study the science of interpretation, such as:

• Makkah or Madrasah Madrasah Ibn Abbas

• Medina or Madrasah Madrasah Ubay ibn Ka'b

• Iraq or Madrasah Madrasah Ibn Mas'ud

The peculiarity commentary during Tabi'in start tinged interpretation denngan emergence Isroiliyaat and nashroniyat. This is caused by the increasing number of the People of the Book who embraced Islam.

4. Interpretation THE DURATION OF BOOKKEEPING

Bookkeeping commentary carried in five steps . The first stage, the interpretation before the recorded still be done by the method of transmission, meaning friend narrated on the interpretation of the Koran of the prophet Muhammad. Then they drop to their students (read: Successors)

The second stage, at the time of the Umayyad dynasty and the beginning of the Abbasid dynasty that still incorporate commentary into sub-sections of the hadiths that have been recorded previously.

The third stage, separation of the interpretation of the hadith then recorded separately into a separate science. The fourth stage, bookkeeping sanadnya interpretation by summarizing and quoting the opinion of the scholars without mentioning the person. This makes it difficult to distinguish between the authentic and the sanad is weak which caused the subsequent commentators take this interpretation without see the truth or falsity of this interpretation.

5. Interpretation THE DURATION OF MODERN

When the Tartars attack the Islamic lands and commit brutal acts in the capital of the Caliphate of Baghdad with burn all the books of the great which is a collection of science that has been preserved for centuries, the Muslims lost a very valuable science.

Fanaticism schools that emerged during this period, making interpretation into the political vehicle of the various schools that exist, such as those carried out by the school of Hanafiyah. One of the scholars of these schools is Abu Bakr Ar-Rozy with the book Al-Jashosh.

Of schools as-Shafi'ites, appearing Abu Hasan At-Thobary (w.504 H). he interpret the laws of the Koran which consists of several volumes. Then Syihabuddin Abul Abbas Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Yusuf Al-Hlaby, (w 756 H) with his book Al-Qoul Wajiz Fi Ahkamil Al-Kitab Al-Aziz.

At the end of the 13th century, came criticism about the existence of Islam in the world, especially when compared to the west which is considered more advanced. This criticism came to the question of whether the Qur'an is still relevant to answering the development of life.

To answer these scholars began to make interpretation more open with the times. At this time, commentary with various patterns such as patterns of scientific, literary, and social.