VERSES OF NASIKH AND MANSUKH

1. The SENSE of NASIKH  verses and MANSUKH

nasikh  meaning delete, whereas mansukh removed. nasikh -mansukh according to language is to remove, move, turned, and replace. An example is the meaning disappears (al-raf'u wa izalah) is an expression of the Arabs (the Sun removes fog). An example of this move in accordance with al-jatsiah verse 29. Example of turned (al-tahwil) phrase he turned his inheritance from a person to another person. Example of replacing (al-tabdil) is an expression of the Arabs: the judges changed the law and replace it with another law.

Some scholars use the word mutaqaddimin abrogated for some sense in terms, namely:

1. Cancellation of the earlier defined by law set out later.

2. the legal Exceptions are public by law, special consequential comes later

3. The explanation comes later against the law that is vague.

4. Determining  terms against an earlier law that has not been paroled.

The terms could be the occurrence of a real concept-mansukh is:

1. the Law is the law of syara mansukh.

2. The existence of a time lag between new legal proposition that replaces the (real) and the evidence of the first law (mansukh)

3. Between two real propositions and mansukh there must be a real conflict.

4. The proposition that replace the (real) must be mutawatir.

2. The OPINION of the SCHOLARS REGARDING verses MANSUKH

a majority of scholars.

According to them, a real can happen due to any act of God does not depend on the reason and purpose and God has the right to delete or not. This corresponds to nash's the qur'an and the Hadith which allow the existence of abrogating, like surat al-nahl verse 101.

b. abu muslim al-asfihani

According to him, naakh may occur in common sense but in syara is not possible. His opinion is based on the letter fushilat verse 42.

c. Muhammad abduh

Muhammad abduh establishes the concept of abrogating that means cancel, but he approved the naskh meaning substitute (tabdil)

d. the opinion of abu musa

According to him, the law is cancelled doesn't mean correct. "something in the Cancel due to development and benefit of aanya at one time nukan canceled means it is not true when applicable at the time, thus the Cancel and cancelled two is right and true, not false"

e. Ibn katheer

Ibn kathir argues that abrogating the rights of preogatif is God. Thus, it can happen. because the right is fully God. Any changes in the qur'an are not legitimate.

3. URGENCY and USEFULNESS of STUDYING nasikh verses and MANSUKH

Urgency and the usefulness of studying real verses and mansukh is to:

1. Show that Islamic terms in accordance with the times so that the benefit of the devotees are always maintained in all of the circumstances and the times.

2. Find out the process of the determination and the determination of the Islamic law as well as the purpose and the reasons the determinations.

3. Test the consistency of the Muslims, in practice the laws of islam.

4. Give dispensation for Muslims because a lot of abrogating products lighten the load and make it easier for religious experience.

Verses Muhkam and Mutasyabih

1. Understanding of the verses – Verses Muhkam and Mutasyabih

According to language, muhkam comes from the words "hakamtud dabbata wa ahkamtu" meaning "I hold the beast", a word related to the word muhkam al-hukm which means deciding between two things or things. Muhkam in interpret as anything in sturdy. Thus, muhkam nature of the qur'an because the words of the qur'an are sturdy, beautiful, clear, and to distinguish between right and vbatil and between the true and the lie.

According to language, mutasyabih means tasyabuh, i.e. when one of two things is similar to the other. Syubhah is the State where one of the two things that cannot be distinguished from the others because of the similarities between them are concrete or abstract. Colloquially, the verses that are mutashabehaat are the verses pertaining to issues that the occult meaning of God and people learned that knowing.

Clearly the difference between verses muhkam and mutasyabih is

1. easy verse Muhkam known meaning, whereas mutasyabih meaning known only to God himself.

2. the paragraph only contain Muhkam one explanation, while mutasyabih contains many explanations.

3. the intent of paragraph Muhkam be known directly, without the need for other information, while mutasyabih is not.

2. The attitude of the clergy Against the verses Mutasyabih

Ibn habib Annaisaburi divides the three opinions regarding the content of the verses of the qur'an, the first verse of the qur'an, it's entirely muhkam. Second, the verse of the qur'an is entirely mutasyabih, and a third, and these opinions are most appropriate, verse of the qur'an there are a tone of mutasyabih da muhkam.

In his book, Usul fi al-tafsir, Shaykh Muhammad bin shlih al-' uthaymeen mutasyabih paragraph into two groups. First, the essential berisfat, i.e., what is not knowable by human reason. The second, which is relative, i.e. verses the meaning still samara tau hidden for some people but not for others.

3. fawatih al-suwar  (letter opener)

The words are plural form of the word is the fatihah, which means opening. fawatih al-suwar are some of the opening Sura of the qur'an Sura – or some

kind of prefix from the surah – surah al-quran.

4. The presence of Wisdom verses muhkam and mutasyabih

a. wisdom existence of verse verse muhkamat

1. Make it easy for people who are weak in Arabic language skills to understand the qur'an

2. Facilitate people memorize and maintain

3. Encourage Muslims to more actively understand, appreciate, and apply  the contents of the content of the qur'an.

b. the wisdom verses that are Mutashabehaat

1. Essentially derived paragraph mutasyabih to test our hearts in believing it.

2. In principle, the existence of mutasyabih verses in the qur'an is a great stimulant for reasonable people who believe to better think about its meaning so as not to freeze is weak and because Affairs are easy and obvious does not need to understand the risks.

3. Basically the prophets sent to all humanity.

4. Verses mutasyabih search requires a deep and full meaning prudence so that misunderstandings do not occur

5. Wisdom verses of mutasyabih won't be intelligible and understood except by those who have the bright eyes of the heart and reason.

6. Verses mutasyabih pushes people who have knowledge of and faith in God to always appealed to him.

MAKIYYAH AND MADANIYAH

1. UNDERSTANDING the verses MAKIYYAH and MADANIYYAH

Makiyyah and Medina were two Arabic words entered by letter iya nisbah . in Arabic, both called isim ratio. In the language because the ratio of isim, including both the word has the meaning of nature. Makiyyah means are Mecca and madaniyyah are madanih. From the side of the language, this word meant can be both according to the characteristics of the two cities. Before the Prophet's hijrah to madinah, Mecca synonymous with the city that the people do not know the layout is good and civilized and people tend to be poor in the areas of unity and science in addition to poetry, instead of Medina before rosul and friends come, tend to be more civilized and scientific developments have known outside the academic in the field of literature (poetry) that is growing rapidly.

There are four scholars about the sense of verses makiyyah and madaniyyah

1. According to time down

2. According to the place of descent

3. According to the object of the talks (mukhatab)

4. According to the theme of the talk

2 CLASSIFICATION of verses and the letters MAKIYYAH and MADANIYYAH

Scholars generally divide the various letters of the Koran into two groups, the letters makiyyah and madaniyyah. They differ in the number of verses or assignment letter from each group. Some scholars say that the number of letters that belong to the Group of makiyyah there are 30 letter. other scholars say that the number of letters makiyyah there are 94 letters. While the letter madaniyyah there are 20 letters. classification of makiyyah and madaniyyah this, divided into several groups paragraph or letter.

1. Letter of pure makiyyah

2. Letters of pure madaniyyah

3. The verses in the letters of makiyyah madaniyyah

4. The verses in the letters of madaniyyah makiyyah

5. Madaniyyah is similar to makiyyah

6. Makiyyah is similar to madaniyyah

7. Paragraph down in Mecca but the ruling madaniyyah

8. Verses down in Medina but his law makiyyah

3. CHARACTERISTICS of the verses of MAKIYYAH and MADANIYYAH

The verses makiyyah and madaniyyah have good characteristics of side traits specific language or a specific theme or content. VV makiyyah characteristics as follows:

1. Inside there are verses Sajda

2. Starting with the word "death"

3. Starting with the phrase "ya ayyuha an-nas"

4. Starting with the letters Intersect (letters at-tahajji)

5. Contain the theme acts of the Prophet and elect former

6. Talking about the story of Prophet adam and Satan, except in surat al-baqarah

7. Description of call monotheism and the emphasis on the problem of belief

8. Determination of the prophetic treatises

9. Determination of the Foundation-Foundation of the public as the formation of inform syara and       akhlaq virtue that should be owned by members of the public

10. The tribes he said short-short

Madaniyyah verses have characterized as follows:

1. With regard to the mainstreaming of the heir, the testament of sanctions in the law – criminal law and civil litigation

2. Contains satire-satire of hypocritical, except in surat al-ankabut

3. Contains a description of the book experts debate

4. Syllables and long-length text and the style of language that set the Shari'a and explain the purpose and the goal.

4. USABILITY STUDY verses MAKIYYAH and MADANIYYAH

There are three urgency knowing makiyyah and madaniyyah the sarikan of the author thought Manna ' al-Qaththan, namely:

A. Help construe the quran

B. Be a guide for the steps of Da'wah

C. provide information about the history of prophetic.

Munasabah Al-Qur'an

1.      THE DEFINITION OF MUNASABAH

According to al-Zarkasyi (1972:35) says reasonable in language means reach out (muqarabah), as in the example sentences:

fulan yunasibu fulan

(fulan approaching/resembles fulan). The word luck are close relatives, like two brothers, cousins, and such. munasabah that is defined in the

The Qur'an is the existence of a similarity or closeness among different verse, surah, and sentences that resulted in the existence of the relationship. These relations can be shaped linkages of meaning or Chief.

2. all kinds of MUNASABAH

In this case stated Manna ‟ Khalil al-Qattan (2009:36) that the Qur'an consists of

letters and verses, whether short or long. The verses are a number of Allah that is contained in a letter in the Qur'an, and the letter was a number of verses of the Qur'an that have a beginning and end.

Munasabah is divided into two, namely munasabah between munasabah between verses and letters. Interracial munasabah first verse is the relationship between one paragraph with another paragraph. Both munasabah between letter is correspondence between surah with other letters.

This type of Munasabah is divided into five sections (anwar,2009:182-192)

1. Munasabah between the names of the letters

2. Munasabah between the content of the letter content globally by next letter

3. Munasabah between the beginning of the letter by the end of the same letter

4. Munasabah between the end of the initial letter with a letter afterward.

5. Munasabah the beginning of the letter that is composed of separate letters with letters in the same letter

Rosihan describes eight kinds of munasabah (2008:84-95)

1. Munasabah between letters with your previous mail

2. Munasabah between the name of the letter and purpose of the descent

3. Munasbaah between parts of a paragraph

4. Munasabah between verses lying side by side

5. Munasabah between a verse and verse beside it

6. Munasabah between fashilat da nisi verse

7. Munasabah between the beginning of the letter by the end of the same letter

8. Munasabah between a cover letter with the beginning of the next letter

3. The ATTITUDE of the SCHOLARS AGAINST MUNASABAH

many clerics who tried to break the deadlock problems with regard to the interconnectedness of verses in the Qur'an. Abu Bakr al-Naysaburi (d. 324 a.h.) became known as a pioneer in the introduction of the relationship of the interconnectedness of the contents of the Qur'an, which starts from the question every time he read al-Quran, "why this verse is put next to this text, what is the secret and placed the letter on the side of this letter?".

As for the definition used in such matters is munasabah, which is defined as the language of the suitability, appropriateness, suitability, and immediacy. Whereas in the sense of the term, there are several kinds of opinions from scholars, among others, Manna ' Khalil al-Qattan, that in terms of the relation between the facet-one word with another word in a paragraph, a paragraph with another paragraph, or between a letter with another letter. While al-Hasbi Shiddiqie looked at that munasabah only limited connections between verses. And al-Baghawi equate munasabah with ta'wil. As well as Badruddin al-Suyuthiy and al-Zarkasyi posited that, munasabah covers the relationships between letters and between verses.

As for the scholar who gave the opposition against the munasabah, such as Ma'ruf Dualibi, said that "Then include businesses that do not need to do is searching for connections between texts and letters of the Qur'an. As if the affair is about one thing only, about ' aqaid, manners, or on rights and obligations for example. In fact it is merely wanted the relationship on the basis of one or a few principles ". This is made clear by al-Syatibi in al-muwafaqat, States that the Qur'an in many verses which are presented only to reveal things that are the principle (mabda ') and the general norms (rules) only. Thus it is not in place when people insist on imposing themselves looking for correlation between the verses and letters are tafshil.

4. Ways of KNOWING the MUNASABAH

Knowledge of the nature of munasabah ijtihadi, the Prophet did not set such knowledge.

Although it can not be a necessity to find munasabah, but there are four steps to note for lovers munasabah (anwar,2008:84)

1. To be aware of the purpose of the discussion of a letter which became the object of a search

2. Pay attention to the description of the corresponding texts with the aim that discussed a letter

3. Determine the level of description-urain, is there anything to do or not

4. In conclusion, he should take heed expressions considering properly and not overdone.

5. the URGENCY and USEFULNESS of STUDYING MUNASABAH

Rosihan anwar (2008; 98) wrote four benefits munasabah

1. Answer the doubts some people who consider that the themes of the qur'an to lose its relevance

2. Know an extension of or relationships between parts of the Qur'an and the context of the sentence

3. As critical, reasonable knowledge are very helpful one travelling in the interpretation of the verses of the Qur'an.